Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. Clinical diagnosis what to look for when you evaluate patients for dhf how to treat dengue fever clinical management laboratory diagnosis epidemiology dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Dengue symptoms usually start suddenly with a high fever and at least two of the following. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a more severe form of dengue. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne viral illness found throughout the.
Dengue fever dengue fever is a viral infection caused by the bite of female aedes mosquitoes. Apr 28, 2010 i often get asked about mosquitoborne dengue fever in the context of climate change. Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Dengue fever is a disease caused by one of four related viruses transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue fever virus denv is an rna virus of the family flaviviridae. Severe dengue can be lifethreatening within a few hours and often requires hospitalization. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. Dengue, an acute febrile illness, is caused by infection with any of 4 related positivesense, singlestranded rna viruses of the genus flavivirus, dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, or 4. Clinicians and the public in southern texas should be aware of the risk of dengue and dhf, the cdc advises. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america.
This live vaccine, which covers all four dengue subtypes, is. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, where an estimated 400 million denv infections and 100 million clinically apparent dengue cases occurred in 2010. Patients should be advised to stay well hydrated and to avoid aspirin acetylsalicylic acid, aspirincontaining drugs, and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen because of their anticoagulant properties.
Disease burden of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever 3. Prevent dehydration which occurs when a person loses too much fluid. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc recommends molecular andor serological testing for dengue and zika viruses in patients who are at risk of infection with both viruses. The disease can have severe manifestations, including dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf and dengue shock syndrome dss.
Between 50 and 100 million cases occur each year, including about 500,000 of the really severe hemorrhagic fever type, and the numbers continue to increase. Dengue is often a leading cause of illness in areas. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is caused by the same viruses and is characterized by increased vascular permeability, hypovolaemia and abnormal blood clotting mechanisms. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4, of the genus flavivirus 1. Dengue, dengue virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, flavivirus, aedes mosquitoes, dhf, df, dss skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link centers for disease control and prevention. The severity of the joint pain has given dengue the name breakbone fever. One study estimated that 50 million infections occur every year. What are the signs and symptoms of denv and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Mild symptoms of dengue can be confused with other illnesses that cause fever, aches and pains, or a rash.
The disease is mainly tropical in origin but occasionally residents or visitors from other countries may arrive in this country with dengue fever. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Between 50 and 100 million cases occur each year, including about 500,000 of the really severe hemorrhagic fever type, and the numbers continue read more. Background on dengue for travelers and travel medicine practitioners. Fever should be controlled with acetaminophen and tepid sponge baths. Dengue fever dengue fever is a reportable disease in oklahoma. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Before we left off in part 1 i had just gotten on a boat to visit a small atoll in the marshall islands affected by the dengue outbreak a few days earlier we had identified a small cluster of cases on arno, a small atoll about 30 miles from majuro. It is the fastest spreading vectorborne viral disease and is now endemic in over 100 countries, resulting in 40% of the worlds population living in an area at risk for dengue. In 1950s, during dengue epidemic in the philippines and thailand, a severe form, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, was first recognized, and has become a leading cause of death among children in asian and latin american countries. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
Early recognition and diagnosis of dhf and careful fluid management can reduce the casefatality rate in cases with shock to less than 1%, the report states. Dengue and dhf are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. One of the first things i tell people is that its actually quite common outside the united states. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide crossprotective immunity, so persons living in a dengue. Welcome to cdc stacks dengue virus 3 genotype 1 associated. Dengue virus is transmitted to people by the bite of an infected mosquito.
Dengue fever in the united states centers for disease. Dengue is a mosquitoborne flavivirus found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mostly in urban and semiurban settings. The most common symptoms of dengue are high fever for 27 days, severe headache, backache, joint pains, nausea and vomiting, eye pain and rash. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a rare but more severe form of dengue infection that can be fatal if not recognized and treated with supportive care. Dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf and shock syndrome dss. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Mosquitoes that transmit dengue aedes mosquitoes are day biters. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Cdc dengue guidelines and documents dengue virus net. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public.
Dengue fever is a common mosquitoborne illness in many tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Almost all transmission occurs through the bite of infected aedes mosquitoes, primarily aedes aegypti and ae. The disease is often diagnosed incorrectly because the symptoms are similar to influenza and other viruses. Dengue fever expanding its foothold in texas cidrap. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology.
Dengue fever df is most commonly an acute febrile illness defined by the presence of fever and two or more of the following, retroorbital or ocular pain, headache, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, leukopenia, or hemorrhagic manifestations e. Dengue fever vaccine the first dengue vaccine, dengvaxia, was made available in mexico in december 2015. Pdf pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic. Dengue is common in more than 100 countries around the world. The presence of fever, itchy rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue. Dengue cannot be spread directly from person to person. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels division of health informatics and surveillance dhis national notifiable diseases surveillance system nndss.
Dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever bruce r. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that. Dengue fever in the united states page 2 of 4 april 2012 health authorities on the island, and they really had to balance their concerns with the tourist bureaus, which i think was a very interesting thing, because hawaiis economy is so dependent on tourism, and especially in the setting of september 11 when tourism was down, they really. Dengue information disease surveillance epidemiology. Other members of the same genus include yellow fever virus, west nile virus, zika virus, st. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. About one in four people infected with dengue will get sick. For people who get sick with dengue, symptoms can be mild or severe. Forty percent of the worlds population, about 3 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue.
Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. Disease surveillance and outbreak prevention and control pdf, 58kb chapter 7. Dengue, dengue virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, flavivirus, aedes mosquitoes, dhf, df, dss. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia. Dengue and zika virus diagnostic testing for patients with a clinically compatible illness and risk for. A subset of 1,831 dengue hemorrhagic fever cases occurred. Gubler division of vectorborne infectious diseases, national center for infectious diseases, centers for disease control. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Anyone can get infected with dengue when traveling to areas where mosquitoes carry the disease. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a severe form of dengue fever df, which can be lifethreatening. It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy, and rash. Dengue is a leading cause of illness and death in tropical and subtropical areas. Some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease.
In this study, performed in the first half of 2002, samples from 1,559 patients wi. I often get asked about mosquitoborne dengue fever in the context of climate change. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Dhf is a potentially deadly complication with symptoms similar to those of dengue fever, but after several days the patient becomes irritable, restless, and sweaty. Dengue fever breakbone fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Cryptosporidiosis to dengue hemorrhagic fever 2014. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfdengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne disease caused by a virus.
Dengue fever symptoms include sudden onset of a fever that may last from 2 to 7 days with intense headache, joint and muscle pain, and a rash. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. According to the who criteria, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss were observed in 30. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. The first recorded epidemic of dengue was reported in the late 18th century and affected asia, africa, and north america. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. The hemorrhagic form of dengue fever is more severe and symptoms may include loss of appetite, persistent vomiting, high fever, headache, difficulty breathing. Louis encephalitis virus, japanese encephalitis virus, tickborne encephalitis virus, kyasanur forest disease virus, and omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. How are dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf spread. Risk factors dengue occurs more frequently during warm, humid seasons, and transmission is more intense in urban areas, including downtown business areas. Dengue, dengue virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, flavivirus, aedes. Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected aedes species ae.
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